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Oral Biologics |
Patients prefer to take medications orally because it is more convenient; however, oral administration of biologics is presently not practical. Multiple impediments to systemic absorption of complex macromolecules after intake exist due to the gastrointestinal tract's physiological role. Not only are biologics exceedingly vulnerable to the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal system, but their permeability across the intestinal mucosa is also quite low.
The most evident advantage of
oral biologics for the vast majority of patients is the ease and familiarity with which they are administered. Many individuals have been taught since childhood that medicine comes in the form of a pill that they consume. It is not always simple, as the size, shape, and surface of the pill or capsule vary, but it is recognisable. Solid oral dose forms are frequently more stable in storage and can place less limits on how patients integrate medicine into their everyday life.
Finally, when treating a condition with a therapeutic target in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, oral formulations are very useful. The oral route, in this scenario, provides the most direct approach for delivering the medicine to the targeted target.
At its most basic level, the human gastrointestinal system is a highly developed process for breaking down big molecules into smaller, more absorbable ones. Oral biologics are huge, complex molecules that rely on their structure to interact with targets in order to achieve their therapeutic effect. As a result, putting this type of molecule in a system that is designed to kill it poses a variety of problems that must be solved. First and foremost, the molecule must be protected from the hostile environment of the gastrointestinal system, which is acidic and loaded with enzymes that break down molecules.
If systemic distribution is desired, you must discover a means to allow these huge molecules to get past the numerous layers of mucous and cells that line the tract. This second obstacle is somewhat simplified, but not removed, if the target is in the GI tract. Finally, you must guarantee that the molecule is absorbed in the proper region of the gastrointestinal system, which may be difficult due to the strategies you utilised to shield the molecule from external factors.
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