Polyacrylamide (abbreviated as PAM) is a type of polymer (-CH2CHCONH2-). It is made up of a series of linear chains. When hydrated, PAM forms a soft gel due to its high water absorption. An estimated 750,000,000 kg was produced in 2008, primarily for water treatment and the paper and mineral industries.
Polyacrylamide is a type of polyolefin. Polyethylene with amide substituents on alternating carbons is what it is. Polyacrylamide, unlike other nylons, is not a polyamide because the amide groups are not present in the polymer backbone. Alternating carbon atoms in the backbone are stereogenic due to the presence of amide (CONH2) groups (colloquially: chiral). As a result, polyacrylamide exists in atactic, syndiotactic, and isotactic forms, despite the fact that this aspect is rarely discussed. Polymerization begins with radicals and is assumed to be stereorandom.
Anionic
polyacrylamide is a white powder with a water soluble molecular weight ranging from 6 to 25 million. This allows it to be dissolved in any proportion of water while remaining insoluble in organic solvents. The effective PH range is 7-14, the electrolyte is high-polymer, and the electrolyte salt is sensitive. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is useful for separating molecules by size and can be used in a variety of systems depending on the sample and downstream applications. Between glass plates, polyacrylamide gels that are thinner than agarose gels are poured. This improves resolving power, allowing the investigator to separate nucleic acid molecules over a much larger size range.
Linear polyacrylamide is a polymer that dissolves in water. DMSO and various alcohols are examples of polar solvents. N,N-methylenebisacrylamide can be used to introduce cross-linking. Some crosslinked materials swell but are not soluble, indicating that they are hydrogels. At high temperatures in aqueous media, partial hydrolysis occurs, converting some amide substituents to carboxylates. As a result of this hydrolysis, the polymer becomes extremely hydrophilic. N,N-dimethylacrylamide polymer is resistant to hydrolysis. Acrylamide copolymers include those derived from acrylic acid.
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